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服这些药易犯困！多地提醒：春节返乡谨防“药驾”******
春节临近，很多人选择自驾返乡，近期湖北黄冈、新疆石河子等多地交管部门发布消息称，长途驾车，除了注意避免疲劳驾驶、酒驾等，还要注意避免“药驾”。
01
“阳”后止咳
此类成分最易“药驾”
“药驾”简单来说就是指服用了影响驾驶安全的药物后仍然驾驶的行为。一些药物在服用后会引起嗜睡、头晕、反应模糊、视线重影等不良反应，从而危及行车安全。
“近期止咳药使用的药物咨询量达到了新高。有患者反馈止咳药吃完容易犯困，是因为某些止咳药里面含有氯苯那敏，就是我们常说的扑尔敏。”北京中医药大学东方医院药学部副主任药师张彦丽说。
此前在上海市卫健委直播活动中，上海市儿童医院药学部副主任李志玲曾提示，在经常使用的复方感冒药中，凡是带有“敏”字的，一般会含有扑尔敏之类的抗过敏成分，这些成分会抑制人体的中枢神经系统，从而令人产生乏力、困倦、嗜睡或视物模糊、头晕目眩等症状。
氯苯那敏主要用于治疗鼻炎、皮肤黏膜过敏，以及缓解流泪、打喷嚏、流涕等感冒的症状。日常药物如感冒清、感速康、速克感冒、酚麻美敏、氨麻美敏、氯芬黄敏、重感灵、复方感冒灵、复方甲氧那明、咳特灵、康乐鼻炎、鼻舒适等感冒、镇咳、鼻炎用药中，均含有氯苯那敏。
张彦丽介绍，氯苯那敏是第一代抗组胺药物，能透过血脑屏障、与组胺结合发挥抗过敏的作用，氯苯那敏会引起嗜睡，降低人的注意力和警觉性，使人感觉疲乏或精神不济。因此服用含有氯苯那敏成分的止咳药、鼻炎药或者感冒药后一定注意，不要驾驶车辆，以防“药驾”，威胁驾驶安全，诱发交通安全事故。
02
不只扑尔敏
这些药物都要注意
据了解，世界卫生组织列出7大类在服用后可能影响安全驾驶的药品，并提出在服用上述药品后应禁止驾车，包括：对神经系统有影响的催眠药物、有恶心呕吐反应或变态反应的药物、止痛类药物、兴奋剂、治疗癫痫的药物，以及某些抗高血压药物和降血糖药物等。
“服药时一定查看下说明书。”张彦丽提示，在一些药品说明书中的注意事项和禁忌里会有“服药后不得驾驶机、车、船、从事高空作业、机械作业及操作精密仪器”字样，看到这条提示就一定要避免驾车。
不同成分在不同患者体内产生影响的时间差异会很大。如必须驾车一般需要等待药物在人体内的浓度下降到一定水平后再驾车。同时一些药物对饮酒或服用失眠药的患者影响会更大些，“事实上，很多药物的说明书都相当冗长，患者往往没有耐心仔细阅读，但为了出行安全，一定要关注这些细节。”张彦丽说。
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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